HUBUNGAN KEPADATAN DENGAN JUMLAH KASUS COVID-19: STUDI TERHADAP 39 KOTA KOMPAK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36087/jrp.v4i2.89Keywords:
kota kompak, COVID-19, kepadatan, pandemiAbstract
Akhir tahun 2019 dunia menghadapi penyakit viral COVID-19 dan telah berdampak terhadap kehidupan manusia. Bencana pandemi telah dianggap sebagai ancaman berat untuk kesehatan masyarakat perkotaan. Karakteristik perkotaan dengan kepadatan, konektifitas dan mobilitas yang tinggi dianggap dapat menciptakan kondisi ideal untuk penyebaran penyakit menular. Bentuk kota kompak merupakan bentuk kota yang mempromosikan kepadatan tinggi dikenal memiliki banyak keunggulan dan telah banyak diterapkan, termasuk di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginvestigasi bagaimana hubungan kepadatan dengan COVID-19 di 39 kota yang telah menerapkan kebijakan kota kompak. Data yang digunakan adalah luas lahan dan jumlah penduduk yang diperoleh dari data statistik resmi pemerintah kota bersangkutan, sedangkan data jumlah kasus terkonfirmasi diperoleh melalui diseminasi informasi resmi pemerintah kota bersangkutan. Analisis korelasi dilakukan terhadap variabel kepadatan dan jumlah kasus terkonfirmasi COVID-19. Korelasi dilakukan dalam 2 kelompok, yaitu korelasi terhadap kelompok data yang terdiri atas 39 kota, dan korelasi terhadap kelompok data berdasarkan ukutan kota. Penelitian ini menemukan adanya korelasi negatif yang lenah antara kepadatan dengan jumlah kasus COVID-19.Koefisien korelasi terbesar diperoleh dari hasil analisis korelasi di 13 kota berukuran metropolitan area yang menunjukkan nilai -0,294. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, implementasi kota kompak yang mempromosikan perkotaan dengan kepadatan tinggi tidak serta merta akan meningkatkan jumlah kasus COVID-19. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebijakan kota kompak di Indonesia dapat diimplementasikan dalam kondisi pandemi. Namun demikian implementasinya harus diintegrasikan dengan perbaikan layanan kesehatan masyarakat, respons darurat, serta peningkatan kesehatan lingkungan perkotaan. Dengan keunggulan kota kompak yang telah didukung dengan berbagai penelitian ilmiah, dan ditambah dengan belum adanya bukti bahwa bentuk kota tidak kompak lebih dapat bertahan terhadap pandemi, maka kebijakan kota kompak sesuai untuk diimplementasikan.References
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